Unterschiede
Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.
| Nächste Überarbeitung | Vorhergehende Überarbeitung | ||
| en:berechnungen:verweilzeitverteilung [2024/03/28 10:48] – angelegt admin | en:berechnungen:verweilzeitverteilung [2025/09/03 11:50] (aktuell) – [Agglomerate size reduction] neelest | ||
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| - | =====Verweilzeitverteilung===== | + | =====Mixed indicators===== |
| - | Um eine Verweilzeitverteilung berechnen zu können, müssen die gleichen Angaben wie für die Verweilzeitberechnung gemacht werden. | + | -> [[en: |
| - | ====Umsetzung der theoretischen Grundlagen==== | + | REX/PSI provides both analytical mixing indicators and regression models based on numerical simulations of the mixing effect of different zone types. |
| - | Die Überlagerung von Druck- und Schleppströmung im Schneckenkanal erzeugt ein kompliziertes, | + | ===== Analytical mixed indicators ===== |
| - | Um die Mischwirkung | + | In the [[en: |
| - | die Flächen unter den Verweilzeitverteilungskurven berechnet und ins Verhältnis gesetzt, so dass ein Bezug der kumulierten Verweilzeit (F(Θ)) des betrachteten Systems auf | + | |
| - | die beiden Referenzsysteme (Propfenströmung und Idealer Mischer) definiert werden kann. | + | |
| - | Es ergibt sich hieraus die Kenngröße β: | + | ==== Transverse mixing ratio ==== |
| - | $$ \beta = 1 - \frac{\Delta A_{\mathrm{Schnecke/ | + | The transverse mixing ratio $\pi_{LSM}$ is calculated as follows: |
| + | $$\pi_{LSM} | ||
| + | $$\text{with}$$ | ||
| + | $$\overline{\gamma} = \frac{2 \left(1.03 + 0.074n \right) L}{\cos\varphi \sin\varphi} \cdot \frac{1}{h_1 \, \pi_\dot{m}}$$ | ||
| + | $$\text{and}$$ | ||
| + | $$c_0 = c_1 \sqrt{\frac{h_1}{h_0}} \left(\frac{T_z}{T_0}\right)^{c_2} \frac{n^{c_3}}{\pi_\dot{m}}$$ | ||
| - | Bei der Propfenströmung (β=0) haben alle Partikel die gleiche Verweilzeit: | + | with c1=0.08367, c2=0.7067 and c3=0.344 |
| - | $$ \Theta | + | ==== Longitudinal mixing ratio ==== |
| - | + | ||
| - | Wobei Θ (Theta) die dimensionslose Verweilzeit beschreibt. | + | The longitudinal mixing ratio $\sigma^2$ is calculated as follows |
| - | Die kumulierte Verweilzeitverteilung F(Θ) des idealen Mischers | + | $$\sigma^2 = 1 + \exp(c_1 \Theta_{min}^{c_2}) - \exp(c_3 \Theta_{min})$$ |
| - | $$ F(\Theta)_{\mathrm{ideal}} = 1-e^{-\Theta}$$ | + | with the dimensionless minimum residence time $\Theta_{min} = \frac{t_{min}}{\bar{t}}$ and |
| - | + | ||
| - | Somit ergeben sich die Flächen unter den Verweilzeitverläufen für die Berechnung der Mischkennzahl β wie folgt: | + | |
| - | $$ \beta = 1- \frac{\Delta A_{\mathrm{Schnecke/ | + | ^ extruder type ^ c1 ^ c2 ^ c3 ^ |
| + | | melt extruder | 0.2476 | 0.6014 | 0.8301 | | ||
| + | | Conv. plasticising extruder | -4.8828 | 2.1287 | 0.0028505 | | ||
| + | | grooved barrel extruder | -2.368 | 1.1268 | 0.1186 | | ||
| - | Bei thermisch unempfindlichen Materialien ist zur Verbesserung der Schmelzehomogenität eine breite Verweilzeitverteilung | + | ==== Agglomerate size reduction ==== |
| - | beispielweise dem Rauten- oder Zahnscheibenmischelement verbessert werden. | + | |
| + | The agglomerate size reduction ratio $Z$ is calculated as follows: | ||
| + | |||
| + | $$Z=\left[ 1+\left( \frac{t}{c_{31}}\right)^{c_{21}}\left( ln\left( \frac{\tau}{\tau_{min}}\right)\right)^{1/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | with the current shear stress $\tau$, the minimum shear stress $\tau_{min}$ and the three decay constants $c$. The minimum shear stress and the three decay constants are [[en: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Numerical mixing ratios ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The numerical mixing quality is calculated from the following two parameters for determining the | ||
| + | dispersive and distributive mixing quality, which are weighted from 100% - good to 0% - bad. | ||
| + | weighted: | ||
| + | The numerical mixing quality calculation is currently available for cross-hole mixing, diamond mixing, spiral shear elements and metering, | ||
| + | spiral shear elements and metreing zones. The calculation is | ||
| + | only for zones in which a completely melted melt is present, as the basis of the | ||
| + | CFD simulations form the basis of the key figure. This will be continuously | ||
| + | expanded in the future. | ||
| + | ====1. Dispersive mixing effect==== | ||
| + | The dispersive mixing quality is based on a regression equation for the so-called Mixing Index | ||
| + | according to Manas, which was determined by means of numerical investigations using a CCD test plan. | ||
| + | was determined. The mixing index according to Manas is a quantitative measure for describing the mixing | ||
| + | mixing quality of numerical investigations, | ||
| + | mixing behaviour. The index is determined from the deformation gradient and the | ||
| + | vortex tensor: | ||
| + | |||
| + | \[ | ||
| + | \lambda = \frac{|\Gamma|}{|\Gamma| + |\omega|} | ||
| + | \] | ||
| + | \[ | ||
| + | \nabla \vec{v} = | ||
| + | \begin{pmatrix} | ||
| + | \frac{\partial v_x}{\partial x} & \frac{\partial v_x}{\partial y} & \frac{\partial v_x}{\partial z} \\ | ||
| + | \frac{\partial v_y}{\partial x} & \frac{\partial v_y}{\partial y} & \frac{\partial v_y}{\partial z} \\ | ||
| + | \frac{\partial v_z}{\partial x} & \frac{\partial v_z}{\partial y} & \frac{\partial v_z}{\partial z} | ||
| + | \end{pmatrix} | ||
| + | \] | ||
| + | |||
| + | \[ | ||
| + | \Gamma = \frac{\left(\nabla \vec{v} + \nabla \vec{v}^T\right)}{2} | ||
| + | \] | ||
| + | |||
| + | \[ | ||
| + | \omega = \frac{\left(\nabla \vec{v} | ||
| + | \] | ||
| + | |||
| + | \(\lambda\): | ||
| + | \(\Gamma\): Deformation gradient tensor\\ | ||
| + | \(\omega\): Vortex tensor\\ | ||
| + | \(\nabla \vec{v}\): Velocity gradient\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | The mana number characterises the type of flow and is divided as follows | ||
| + | subdivided: | ||
| + | * λ = 1 pure elongation | ||
| + | * λ = 0.5 pure shear flow | ||
| + | * λ = 0 pure rotation | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====2. Distributive mixing effect==== | ||
| + | The distributive mixing quality is based on a regression equation determined using a CCD test plan for the evaluation method of a particle distribution based on the Delaunay triangulation, | ||
| + | Based on the numerically calculated flow area, the particle trajectory of a particle distribution defined at the beginning of the flow area or at the beginning of the geometry can be calculated using the so-called particle tracking method. The particle distribution localised at the end of the flow region in the two-dimensional cross-section was then examined for homogeneity. For this purpose, a triangular mesh was created using Delaunay triangulation. At this point, the correlation that homogeneous area contents of the spanning triangles are accompanied by a homogeneously distributed particle distribution is used as a parameter for the evaluation or as a measure of the mixing quality. The so-called coefficient of variation, which relates the standard deviation of the triangular areas to the mean area, is used as the evaluation parameter. If all particles are evenly distributed, | ||
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| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====3. Thermal mixing effect==== | ||
| + | An additional parameter is calculated for the cross-hole mixing section, which evaluates the effectiveness of the radial temperature equalisation. This is necessary because a targeted temperature exchange radial to the channel does not correlate with the results of the distributive mixing effect. For mixing parts that aim for general mixing (circumferential, | ||
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| + | {{ : | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
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| + | ===Further topics=== | ||
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